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THE GREAT THEATER |
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The Great Theatre is without doubt the most impressive attraction at Ephesus. The original construction dates from the time of
Lysimachos. In the reign of Emperor Claudius (41-54 AD), the diameter of
the theatre was enlarged. The first two stories of the stage (skene) were erected
during the Emperor Nero's reign (54-68 AD). Work continued throughout the
reign of Trajan (98-117 AD), and the third storey was probably not completed until the middle of the 2nd
century.
In the classical theatre there was no stage as such. The actors were on the same level as the chorus in the orchestra. In some cases, the actors were raised minimally above the chorus with a small platform. During the Hellenistic period the chorus began to diminish in importance. The actors assumed a more important role and were raised above the chorus, making them both more audible and visible. It was not until the Roman period that the action took place on the stage, which consequently doubled in size. The orchestra became redundant and the area formally occupied by them was made over into seating for the most important spectators. Females were allowed to assist in the presentations but never to perform. The theatre has been put to many uses during the course of its history. While Ephesus was at the height of its prosperity, the theatre was the scene of celebrations honoring Artemis. Early performances of tragedies and comedies later made way for the addition of satire. Later still, mimes and pantomimes found their way on stage along with dances.
Preachers also held forth in the theatre. The preaching of St. Paul and the riot it produced in the Great Theatre of Ephesus is well documented. Built to hold 25,000 spectators, the theatre is quite massive. The 30 m. height and 145 m. width is quite impressive, both from close by and from a distance.
The acoustics, as in all Greco-Roman theatres, are excellent. One of the lesser-known facts about the acoustics is that large bronze or clay sounding-vessels were placed at various points around the auditorium to improve the sound. Perhaps this was the origin of modern loud speakers. Unless you visit the Great Theatre early or late in the day, out of season, you will be lucky to have it all to yourself. It is quite common to witness other visitors testing the acoustics. Experimenting with pins and different sized coins is a remarkable experience. Although some of the seats were removed and used elsewhere, the theatre is very well preserved and still functions as a theatre for concerts. The incline of the seating increases with each level, ensuring good visibility from all locations. The view from the top of the theatre is not to be missed. Should you have the chance to attend a concert here, it will be a memorable occasion. It is a good idea to bring a cushion with you, but rest assured you will not need hearing aids. |
